Lady
finger (Bhendi) is one of the popular vegetable in India . It is cultivated extensively all the year round for its
immature fruits. Bhendi fruits are used as a vegetable. The stem of the plant
is used for the extraction of the fiber.
Bhendi
is a warm season vegetable crop and requires a long warm growing
season. In India it is grown in summer months and during the rainy
season. It is highly sensitive to frost. Seeds germinate poorly at
ground temperature of 20 °C or less. Bhendi can do well in all kinds of soil.
.But sandy loam and clay-loam soils are best for its cultivation. The optimum
pH range is between 6 and 6.8. The land is prepared by giving 5-6 ploughings.
Cartloads of FYM or Compost should be incorporated during land preparation. For
kharif season seeds are sown in the month of June - July. The seed rate
for rainy season is 8 to 10 kg. For summer season it is sown in the
month or January-February. The seed rate for summer season is 12 to
15 kg/ha. For winter season it is sown in August"- September. Ridges
& furrow type of layout is use. Sometime bhendi is also sown at the border
of main crop & layout is same as for main crop. For summer crop spacing is
45x30 cm. & Rainy season crop spacing is 60 x 45 cm.
Improved
Varieties:
Some improved varieties of this crop are; Pusa
Makhamali, Pusa sawani, Vaishali, Vagmi, pb. Padmini, Selection 2-2, Pusa
sawani is fairly mosaic tolerant Parbhani Kranti (Resistant to virus disease).
Okra (Abelntoschus esculentus).
1.
Parbhani Kranti:
It is
yellow vein mosaic resistant variety released in 1985 by MAU, Parbhani- It is
derived from back cross of Abelmoschus manihot x A. esculentus. Two back
crosses were made using Pusa sawani (A. esculentus) as a recurrent parent
followed by selection in the subsequent generations- It is a yellow vein mosaic
virus (YVMy) resistant variety isolated in F8 generation. Plants flower in
45-60 days. Fruits are dark green in colour, smooth, lender and slender (MAU,
Parbhani).
2.
Phule Kirti:
It is
the F1 hybrid of okra suitable for both the kharif and summer seasons. It is
also suitable for warm and moderate humid regions. Stem is green in colour with
red patches. Fruits are green in colour. It is resistant to yellow vein mosaic
virus. Shelf life is 3-4 days. It gives on an average yield of 163 quintals per
hectare. Besides it is released through the State Variety Release Committee of
Maharashtra, it is also notified by the Central Sub Committee on Crop
Standards, Notification and Varietal Release at the national level (MPKV,
Ramrri).
20 to 25
tonnes well rottened FYM is mixed with soil during field preparation. For rainy
season, crop apply 50 kg; N, 50kg P2O5 per hectare. For summer season 40 kg N,
40 kg P2O5 should be applied. Weeding, thinning and earthling up is the
important intercultural operations of bhendi. Earthing up in the rows should be
done in rainy season crop. Application of herbicides for controlling weeds in
bhendi is found effective. Basalin (Fluchoralin 48 per cent) @ 1-2 liter per
hectare, and soil application of Tok-E-25 @ 5 liter per hectare effectively
controlled the weeds.
Pre
sowing irrigation should be given in the soils having no sufficient
moisture. First irrigation is given just after sowing and then the
field is irrigated after 4 to 5 days in summer and 10 to 12 days in winter
season. Flowering begins from 35 to 40 days after sowing and fruits are ready
for harvest four to five days after flowering Bhendi pods may be harvested
continuously at some intervals. The young fruits can be harvested in the
morning. Delay in harvesting may make the fruits fibrous and they loose their
tenderness and taste.
Rainy
season crop gives 7500 kg/ha. Summer crop gives 5000 kg/ha. Duration is 100
& 90 days respectively.
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